Progreso Weekly – May 18, 2006
http://www.progresoweekly.com/index.php?progreso=Noam_Chomsky&otherweek=11
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Venezuela’s oil and Massachusetts’ chimneys
By Noam Chomsky
“How Venezuela Is Keeping the Home Fires Burning in Massachusetts,”
reads a recent full-page ad in major U.S. newspapers from PDVSA,
Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, and CITGO, its Houston-based
subsidiary.
The ad describes a program, encouraged by Venezuelan President Hugo
Chávez, to sell heating oil at discount prices to low-income
communities in Boston, the South Bronx and elsewhere in the United
States — one of the more ironic gestures ever in the North-South
dialogue. The deal developed after a group of U.S. senators sent a
letter to nine major oil companies asking them to donate a portion of
their recent record profits to help poor residents cover heating bills.
The only response came from CITGO.
In the United States, commentary on the deal is grudging at best,
saying that Chávez, who has accused the Bush administration of trying to
overthrow his government, is motivated by political ends — unlike, for
example, the purely humanitarian programs of the U.S. Agency for
International Development.
Chávez’ heating oil is one among many challenges bubbling up from
Latin America for the Washington planners of grand strategy. The noisy
protests during President Bush’s trip in early November 2005 to the Summit
of the Americas, in Argentina, amplify the dilemma.
>From Venezuela to Argentina, the hemisphere is getting completely out
of control, with left-center governments all the way through. Even in
Central America, still suffering the after-effects of President Reagan’s
“war on terror,” the lid is barely on.
In the southern cone, the indigenous populations have become much more
active and influential, particularly in Bolivia and Ecuador, both major
energy producers, where they either oppose production of oil and gas or
want it to be domestically controlled. Some are even calling for an
“indigenous nation” in South America.
Meanwhile internal economic integration is strengthening, reversing
relative isolation that dates back to the Spanish conquests.
Furthermore, South-South interaction is growing, with major powers
(Brazil, South Africa, India) in the lead, particularly on economic
issues.
Latin America as a whole is increasing trade and other relations with the
European Union and China, with some setbacks but likely expansion,
especially for raw materials exporters like Brazil and Chile.
Venezuela has forged probably the closest relations with China of any
Latin American country, and is planning to sell increasing amounts of oil
to China as part of its effort to reduce dependence on a hostile U.S.
government. Indeed, Washington’s thorniest problem in the region is
Venezuela, which provides nearly 15 percent of U.S. oil imports.
Chávez, elected in 1998, displays the kind of independence that the
U.S. translates as defiance — as with Chávez’ ally Fidel Castro. In
2002, Washington embraced President Bush’s vision of democracy by
supporting a military coup that very briefly overturned the Chávez
government. The Bush administration had to back down, however, because of
opposition to the coup in Venezuela and throughout Latin America.
Compounding Washington’s woes, Cuba-Venezuela relations are becoming
very close. They practice a barter system, each relying on its
strengths. Venezuela is providing low-cost oil while in return Cuba
organizes literacy and health programs, and sends thousands of
teachers and doctors, who, as elsewhere, work in the poorest areas,
previously neglected.
Joint Cuba-Venezuela projects are also having a considerable impact in the
Caribbean countries, where, under a program called Operation Miracle,
Cuban doctors are providing health care to people who had no hope of
receiving it, with Venezuelan funding.
Chávez has repeatedly won monitored elections and referendums despite
overwhelming and bitter media hostility. Support for the elected
government has soared during the Chávez years. The veteran Latin American
correspondent Hugh O’ Shaughnessy explains why in a report for Irish
Times:
“In Venezuela, where an oil economy has over the decades produced a
sparkling elite of super-rich, a quarter of under-15s go hungry, for
instance, and 60 per cent of people over 59 have no income at all.
Less than a fifth of the population enjoys social security. Only now
under President Chávez […] has medicine started to become something of a
reality for the poverty-stricken majority in the rich but deeply divided
— virtually nonfunctioning — society. Since he won power in democratic
elections and began to transform the health and welfare sector which
catered so badly to the mass of the population, progress has been slow.
But it has been perceptible …”
Now Venezuela is joining Mercosur, South America’s leading trade bloc.
Mercosur, which already includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay,
presents an alternative to the so-called Free Trade Agreement of the
Americas (FTAA), backed by the United States.
At issue in the region, as elsewhere around the world, is alternative
social and economic models. Enormous, unprecedented popular movements have
developed to expand cross-border integration — going beyond economic
agendas to encompass human rights, environmental concerns, cultural
independence and people-to-people contacts. These movements are
ludicrously called “anti-globalization” because they favour globalization
directed to the interests of people, not investors and financial
institutions.
U.S. problems in the Americas extend north as well as south. For
obvious reasons, Washington has hoped to rely more on Canada,
Venezuela and other non-Middle East oil resources.
But Canada’s relations with the United States are more “strained and
combative” than ever before as a result of, among other issues,
Washington’s rejection of NAFTA decisions favoring Canada. As Joel
Brinkley reports in The New York Times, “Partly as a result, Canada is
working hard to build up its relationship with China [and] some officials
are saying Canada may shift a significant portion of its trade,
particularly oil, from the United States to China.”
It takes real talent for the United States to alienate even Canada.
Washington’s Latin American policies are only enhancing U.S.
isolation, however. One recent example: For the 14th year in a row,
the U.N. General Assembly voted on Nov. 8, 2005, against the U.S.
commercial embargo against Cuba. The vote on the resolution was 182 to 4:
the United States, Israel, the Marshall Islands and Palau. Micronesia
abstained.
[Noam Chomsky is a professor of linguistics at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. A committed intellectual, he has taken a
position against U.S. imperialism for a long time now.]
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“A war of aggression is the supreme international crime.” — Robert Jackson,
former U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice and Nuremberg prosecutor
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